阿里云 CentOS 6.10 安装 Oracle10gR2

环境:

操作系统:阿里云 CentOS release 6.10 (Final) 

                  4核CPU,8G内存,40G硬盘

Oracle版本:Oracle 10gR2_linux_x86_64

 

Oracle官方下载地址(官网现在已不提供此版本下载了,请网上自己找安装包):

http://download.oracle.com/otn/linux/oracle10g/10201/10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz(已失效)

 

Oracle10gR2官方html文档地址:http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/install.102/b15667/toc.htm

Oracle10gR2官方pdf文档地址:http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/install.102/b15667.pdf

 

安全组开放端口:1521、1158、5901

 

安装桌面环境:

[root@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]# runlevel            
N 3
[root@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]# yum groupinstall -y "Desktop" "Desktop Debugging and Performance Tools" "Desktop Platform" "Desktop Platform Development"
[root@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]# 
[root@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]# vim /etc/inittab 
id:5:initdefault:    # 将3改为5
[root@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]# reboot

 

二、安装Oracle

创建swap交换分区:

由于阿里云服务器默认没有swap交换分区,这里手动创建。

swap分区创建:https://www.chenxie.net/archives/501.html

 

检查硬件要求:

检查物理内存:至少1GB的物理空间;

检查Swap交换分区:

Swap空间与物理空间的关系表如下:

RAM Swap Space
Up to 512 MB 2 times the size of RAM
Between 1024 MB and 2048 MB 1.5 times the size of RAM
Between 2049 MB and 8192 MB Equal to the size of RAM
More than 8192 MB 0.75 times the size of RAM

检查磁盘空间:

/tmp目录要有400MB空间,根据不同的安装类型磁盘空间应在1.5GB-3.5GB之间,Oracle需要至少1.2GB的文件存储空间。

检查如下:

[root@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo 
MemTotal:        8193024 kB
[root@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo         
SwapTotal:       8388604 kB
[root@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]# free -m
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:          8001       7840        160          0          3       7483
-/+ buffers/cache:        353       7647
Swap:         8191          0       8191
[root@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1        40G  9.2G   29G  25% /
tmpfs           3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm

 

检查软件要求:

官方对软件的要求(摘自部分):

Item Requirement
Operating system One of the following operating system versions:

  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS/ES 3.0 (Update 4 or later)

  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS/ES 4.0 (Update 1 or later)

  • SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9.0 with SP2 or later

Kernel version The system must be running the following kernel version (or a later version):

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.0:

2.4.21-27.EL

Note: This is the default kernel version.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0:

2.6.9-11.EL

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9.0:

2.6.5-7.201

Packages The following packages (or later versions) must be installed:

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0:

binutils-2.15.92.0.2-10.EL4
compat-db-4.1.25-9
control-center-2.8.0-12
gcc-3.4.3-9.EL4
gcc-c++-3.4.3-9.EL4
glibc-2.3.4-2
glibc-common-2.3.4-2
gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-44.1
libstdc++-3.4.3-9.EL4
libstdc++-devel-3.4.3-9.EL4
make-3.80-5
pdksh-5.2.14-30
sysstat-5.0.5-1
xscreensaver-4.18-5.rhel4.2

系统要求:Oracle10G 官方只支持到RHEL4,但并不代表之后版本不能安装;

内核版本:RHEL4的内核要求在2.6.9-11.EL以上

软件包:要求的软件包必须装

 

查看内核版本:

[root@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]# uname -r
2.6.32-754.17.1.el6.x86_64

安装所要求的依赖包:

[root@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]# yum install binutils compat-db control-center gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common gnome-libs libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make pdksh sysstat xscreensaver

还需安装下面依赖包:

[root@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]# yum install glibc-devel.x86_64 glibc-devel.i686 compat-libstdc++-33.i686 compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64

 

创建所需的用户和组:

[root@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]# groupadd oinstall
[root@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]# groupadd dba
[root@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
[root@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]# id oracle
uid=500(oracle) gid=500(oinstall) groups=500(oinstall),501(dba)

修改内核参数:

官方要求的内核参数:

Parameter Value File
semmsl

semmns

semopm

semmni

250

32000

100

128

/proc/sys/kernel/sem
shmall 2097152 /proc/sys/kernel/shmall
shmmax Half the size of physical memory (in bytes) /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax
shmmni 4096 /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni
file-max 65536 /proc/sys/fs/file-max
ip_local_port_range Minimum:1024

Maximum: 65000

/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range
rmem_default 262144 /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_default
rmem_max 262144 /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max
wmem_default 262144 /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_default
wmem_max 262144 /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max

Note:

If the current value for any parameter is higher than the value listed in this table, then do not change the value of that parameter.

 

查看当前的内核参数:

Parameter Command
semmsl, semmns, semopm, and semmni # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep sem

This command displays the value of the semaphore parameters in the order listed.

shmall, shmmax, and shmmni # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep shm

This command displays the details of the shared memory segment sizes.

file-max # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep file-max

This command displays the maximum number of file handles.

ip_local_port_range # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep ip_local_port_range

This command displays a range of port numbers.

rmem_default # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_default
rmem_max # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_max
wmem_default # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_default
wmem_max # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_max

官方说法是查询出如果没有的就在/etc/sysctl.conf文件中添加一行写上要求的值,如果当前的值查出比要求的值大,则保留为大的值。

 

添加以下内容至 /etc/sysctl.conf 文件:

kernel.shmall = 2097152 
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 262144
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144
vm.hugetlb_shm_group = 501

即时生效: sysctl -p

 

在 /etc/security/limits.conf 文件中添加以下行:

oracle              soft    nproc   2047
oracle              hard    nproc   16384
oracle              soft    nofile  1024
oracle              hard    nofile  65536

 

在 /etc/pam.d/login 文件中添加以下行:

session    required     pam_limits.so

 

创建oracle所需目录:

[root@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]# mkdir -p /data/app/oracle
[root@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]# chown -R oracle.oinstall /data/app/oracle/
[root@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]# chmod -R 755 /data/app/oracle/

 

配置oracle用户环境变量,添加红色字体部分到结尾:

[root@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]$ vim .bash_profile
# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export PATH

export ORACLE_BASE=/data/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/data/app/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=$PATH:/data/app/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin
[oracle@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]$ exit
logout
[root@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]# 

 

 

ok,安装前工作完成,最好重启一下机器,保证所设置参数都生效。

[root@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]# reboot

 

 

开始安装:

上传安装文件 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz 至 /data/software/ 目录

使用root用户解压:

[root@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ software]# cd /data/software/
[root@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ software]# gunzip 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz
[root@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ software]# cpio -idmv < 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio

 

安装以下包:

[root@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ software]# yum install libXp.so.6 libXt.so.6 libXtst.so.6

 

修改/etc/redhat-release

将里面内容改为redhat-4

 

配置VNC:

安装vnc-server:

[root@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]# yum install tigervnc-server
[root@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]# vncpasswd
[root@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/vncservers
# 添加以下到末尾:
VNCSERVERS="1:root"
VNCSERVERARGS[1]="-geometry 800x600"

启动vnc:

[root@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]# /etc/init.d/vncserver start 

 

启动VNC-Viewer-5.1.1:

1.jpg

2.jpg

 

打开终端执行下面命令开始安装:

[root@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]# xhost +
access control disabled, clients can connect from any host
[root@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]$ cd /data/software/database/
[oracle@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ database]$ ./runInstaller 

在oracle用户的终端执行 ./runInstaller 

进入安装界面:

1.jpg

选择“Advanced Installation”专业模式,点击Next后,如下图:

2.jpg

点击 Next后,如下图:

3.jpg

选择“Enterprise Edition”企业版,点击Next后,如下图:

4.jpg

点击 Next后,如下图:

 

我这里有个警告,可以忽略,点击Next后,如下图:

点击Next后,如下图:

13.jpg

点击Install开始安装,如下图:

14.jpg

装到83%左右出现以下错误:

15.jpg

此错误为oracle bug,可忽略,点击Continue继续安装。

 

处理方法:

这里继续点击“continue”即可,待Oracle完成安装后,再手工执行相应脚本完成链接即可。

当oracle完成安装后,如下操作

[oracle@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]$ /data/app/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/relink all

--执行脚本后,会自动完成重链接操作

--注意:该脚本放置在脚本目录下,实际根据规划的oracle根目录进行查找即可.

 

继续安装后,如下:

19.jpg

在root用户下,分别执行这两个脚本:

[root@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]# /data/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh 
Changing permissions of /data/app/oracle/oraInventory to 770.
Changing groupname of /data/app/oracle/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete
[root@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]# /data/app/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/root.sh
Running Oracle10 root.sh script...

The following environment variables are set as:
    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
    ORACLE_HOME=  /data/app/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: 
   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...


Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.

执行完后点击OK后,如下:

安装完成,点击Exit退出。

 

软件安装完成,接下来创建数据库:

[oracle@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]$ cd /data/app/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/
[oracle@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ bin]$ ./dbca

 

 

[root@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 01-AUG-2019 16:54:20

Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Starting /data/app/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Log messages written to /data/app/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ)(PORT=1521)))

Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                01-AUG-2019 16:54:20
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Log File         /data/app/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully

 

 

在浏览器中登录em:http://39.106.73.36:1158/em  查看服务信息(建议将浏览器显示语言调整为英文,要不然有些按钮显示会乱码)

不慌,点击“OK”进入登录页面

 

使用Oracle SQL Develop工具进行连接测试:

1401350762281515.jpg

测试成功。

点击“连接”后,如下:

1401350865319796.jpg

 

创建自启动脚本:

# vim /etc/init.d/oracle

内容如下:

#!/bin/sh
# chkconfig: 35 80 10
# description: Oracle auto start-stop script.

#
# Set ORA_HOME to be equivalent to the $ORACLE_HOME
# from which you wish to execute dbstart and dbshut;
#
# Set ORA_OWNER to the user id of the owner of the
# Oracle database in ORA_HOME.


ORA_HOME=/data/app/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
ORA_OWNER=oracle
if [ ! -f $ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart ]
then
    echo "Oracle startup: cannot start"
    exit
fi

case "$1" in
'start')
        # Start the Oracle databases:
        echo "Starting Oracle Databases ... "
        echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
        date +" %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Databases as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracle
        echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
        su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart" >>/var/log/oracle
        echo "Done"

        # Start the Listener:
        echo "Starting Oracle Listeners ... "
        echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
        date +" %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Listeners as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracle
        echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
        su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start" >>/var/log/oracle
        echo "Done."
        echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
        date +" %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracle
        echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
        touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle
        ;;
'stop')
        # Stop the Oracle Listener:
        echo "Stoping Oracle Listeners ... "
        echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
        date +" %T %a %D : Stoping Oracle Listener as part of system down." >> /var/log/oracle
        echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
        su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop" >>/var/log/oracle
        echo "Done."
        rm -f /var/lock/subsys/oracle

        # Stop the Oracle Database:
        echo "Stoping Oracle Databases ... "
        echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
        date +" %T %a %D : Stoping Oracle Databases as part of system down." >> /var/log/oracle
        echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
        su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbshut" >>/var/log/oracle
        echo "Done."
        echo ""
        echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
        date +" %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracle
        echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
        ;;

'restart')
        $0 stop
        $0 start
        ;;
esac

修改权限并加入开启启动:

[root@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/oracle 
[root@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]# chkconfig --add oracle
[root@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]# chkconfig oracle on

要使脚本在开机时能够生效,还需修改/etc/oratab文件,

将 ORCL:/data/app/oracle/app/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1:N

改为 ORCL:/data/app/oracle/app/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1:Y

 

完成。

 

Oracle 基本管理:

启动数据库:

# su - oracle
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> startup;

停止数据库:

# su - oracle
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL > shutdown immediate;

启动监听:

# su - oracle
$ lsnrctl start

停止监听:

# su - oracle
$ lsnrctl stop

启动/停止EM:

[oracle@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]$ emctl start dbconsole
[oracle@iZ2ze1uokpww52hrtbj6loZ ~]$ emctl stop dbconsole

 

 

版权声明:
作者:admin
链接:https://www.chenxie.net/archives/2097.html
来源:蜀小陈
文章版权归作者所有,未经允许请勿转载。

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