多线程-死锁与递归锁
一、死锁现象
所谓死锁: 是指两个或两个以上的进程或线程在执行过程中,因争夺资源而造成的一种互相等待的现象,若无外力作用,它们都将无法推进下去。此时称系统处于死锁状态或系统产生了死锁,这些永远在互相等待的进程称为死锁进程,如下就是死锁:
from threading import Thread, Lock
import time
mutexA = Lock()
mutexB = Lock()
class MyThread(Thread):
def run(self):
self.fun1()
self.fun2()
def fun1(self):
mutexA.acquire()
print("%s 拿到A锁" % (self.name))
mutexB.acquire()
print("%s 拿到B锁" % (self.name))
mutexB.release()
mutexA.release()
def fun2(self):
mutexB.acquire()
print("%s 拿到B锁" % (self.name))
time.sleep(2)
mutexA.acquire()
print("%s 拿到A锁" % (self.name))
mutexA.release()
mutexB.release()
if __name__ == '__main__':
for i in range(10):
t = MyThread()
t.start()
运行效果:
Thread-1 拿到A锁 Thread-1 拿到B锁 Thread-1 拿到B锁 Thread-2 拿到A锁
二、递归锁
解决方法,递归锁,在Python中为了支持在同一线程中多次请求同一资源,python提供了可重入锁RLock。
这个RLock内部维护着一个Lock和一个counter变量,counter记录了acquire的次数,从而使得资源可以被多次require。直到一个线程所有的acquire都被release,其他的线程才能获得资源。上面的例子如果使用RLock代替Lock,则不会发生死锁,二者的区别是:递归锁可以连续acquire多次,而互斥锁只能acquire一次
递归锁:可以连续acquire多次,每次acquire一次计数器+1,只有计数为0时,才能被抢到acquire
# 递归锁
from threading import Thread, RLock
import time
mutexA = mutexB = RLock() # 一个线程拿到锁,counter加1,该线程内又碰到加锁的情况,则counter继续加1,这期间所有其他线程都只能等待,等待该线程释放所有锁,即counter递减到0为止
class MyThread(Thread):
def run(self):
self.fun1()
self.fun2()
def fun1(self):
mutexA.acquire()
print("%s 拿到A锁" % (self.name))
mutexB.acquire()
print("%s 拿到B锁" % (self.name))
mutexB.release()
mutexA.release()
def fun2(self):
mutexB.acquire()
print("%s 拿到B锁" % (self.name))
time.sleep(2)
mutexA.acquire()
print("%s 拿到A锁" % (self.name))
mutexA.release()
mutexB.release()
if __name__ == '__main__':
for i in range(10):
t = MyThread()
t.start()
运行结果:
Thread-1 拿到A锁 Thread-1 拿到B锁 Thread-1 拿到B锁 Thread-1 拿到A锁 Thread-2 拿到A锁 Thread-2 拿到B锁 Thread-2 拿到B锁 Thread-2 拿到A锁 Thread-4 拿到A锁 Thread-4 拿到B锁 Thread-4 拿到B锁 Thread-4 拿到A锁 Thread-6 拿到A锁 Thread-6 拿到B锁 Thread-6 拿到B锁 Thread-6 拿到A锁 Thread-8 拿到A锁 Thread-8 拿到B锁 Thread-8 拿到B锁 Thread-8 拿到A锁 Thread-10 拿到A锁 Thread-10 拿到B锁 Thread-10 拿到B锁 Thread-10 拿到A锁 Thread-5 拿到A锁 Thread-5 拿到B锁 Thread-5 拿到B锁 Thread-5 拿到A锁 Thread-9 拿到A锁 Thread-9 拿到B锁 Thread-9 拿到B锁 Thread-9 拿到A锁 Thread-7 拿到A锁 Thread-7 拿到B锁 Thread-7 拿到B锁 Thread-7 拿到A锁 Thread-3 拿到A锁 Thread-3 拿到B锁 Thread-3 拿到B锁 Thread-3 拿到A锁
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